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Should We Read Matthew as a Gentile or as a Jew?

By Timothy Sparks
tdsparks77@yahoo.com
http://www.timothysparks.com

 

When we read the Book of Matthew in the context of being written to Jews with the background of Hebrew Scripture, we realize we should approach the Book of Matthew with that knowledge and not as an uninformed Gentile.

With that understanding, we then turn to the question and answer discussion of Matthew 19. Jesus considered “every cause” (κατὰ πᾶσαν αἰτίαν: “for every cause,” Mt. 19:3) for which Jews divorced. Jesus then responded according to God’s Law (Mt. 19:4-6). Jews did not divorce for sexual immorality (Lev. 20:10; Deut. 22:22; Mt. 19:9). 

Please see additional articles addressing the discussion of Matthew 19: https://timothysparks.com/marriage.

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Do Only Single People Commit Fornication?

By Timothy Sparks
tdsparks77@yahoo.com
http://www.timothysparks.com

 

Some maintain that married people cannot commit fornication. Do you think that all the following passages are directed only to single individuals since πορνεία (porneia, fornication) is used?

“Therefore it is my judgment that we do not trouble those who are turning to God from among the Gentiles, but that we write to them that they abstain from things contaminated by idols and from fornication and from what is strangled and from blood” (Acts 15:19-20, NASB).

“For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you no greater burden than these essentials: that you abstain from things sacrificed to idols and from blood and from things strangled and from fornication; if you keep yourselves free from such things, you will do well. Farewell” (Acts 15:28-29, NASB).

“But concerning the Gentiles who have believed, we wrote, having decided that they should abstain from meat sacrificed to idols and from blood and from what is strangled and from fornication” (Acts 21:25, NASB).

“Meats for the belly, and the belly for meats: but God shall bring to nought both it and them. But the body is not for fornication, but for the Lord; and the Lord for the body” (1 Cor. 6:13, ASV).

“Shun fornication! Every sin that a person commits is outside the body; but the fornicator sins against the body itself” (1 Cor. 6:18, NRSV).

“lest, when I come again, my God will humble me among you, and I shall mourn for many who have sinned before and have not repented of the uncleanness, fornication, and lewdness which they have practiced” (2 Cor. 12:21, NKJV).

“For this is the will of God, your sanctification: that you abstain from fornication; that each one of you know how to control your own body in holiness and honor, not with lustful passion, like the Gentiles who do not know God” (1 Thess. 4:3-5, NRSV).

“But I have this against you: you tolerate that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophet and is teaching and beguiling my servants to practice fornication and to eat food sacrificed to idols. I gave her time to repent, but she refuses to repent of her fornication. Beware, I am throwing her on a bed, and those who commit adultery with her I am throwing into great distress, unless they repent of her doings” (Rev. 2:20-22, NRSV).

“The rest of humankind, who were not killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands or give up worshiping demons and idols of gold and silver and bronze and stone and wood, which cannot see or hear or walk. And they did not repent of their murders or their sorceries or their fornication or their thefts” (Rev. 9:20-21, NRSV).

See also: Can Married People Commit Fornication?

(https://timothysparks.com/2018/11/08/can-married-people-commit-fornication)

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What Does “Except” Mean in Mt. 19:9?

By Timothy Sparks
tdsparks77@yahoo.com
http://www.timothysparks.com

 

Many seem to believe that the word “except” always creates an “exception.” Perhaps this is especially true when it comes to Mt. 19:9. Along the same lines, there is a lot of confusion when many believe that “unless” (definition: “except if”) is a perfectly good synonym for “except” (definition: “excluding”). However, a study of the word “except” in English (and the Greek phrase mh epi1) may be helpful. As seen below in Merriam-Webster’s definition2, “except” can be used as a preposition, conjunction or verb:

preposition 

Definition of except for English Language Learners

: not including (someone or something) : other than (something or someone)

verb

Definition of except for English Language Learners

: to leave out (someone or something) : to not include (someone or something)

conjunction

Definition of except for English Language Learners

—used to introduce a statement that indicates the only person or thing that is not included in or referred to by a previous statement

—used to introduce a statement that explains the reason why something is not possible, will not happen, etc.

Noticing the difference between an “exception”3 and an “exclusion”4 from Oxford Dictionaries should also prove helpful:

“Exception”

A person or thing that is excluded from a general statement or does not follow a rule.

‘he always plays top tunes, and tonight was no exception’

“Exclusion”

The process of excluding or the state of being excluded.

‘he had a hand in my exclusion from the committee’

In the text of Mt. 19:9, epi (“over”) in the Greek phrase mh epi (“not over”) [as well as “except” in English] is used as a preposition, not as a conjunction. Therefore, we should not read “except” as a conjunction, which would create an exception to what Christ said. We should read “except” as a preposition, which is used to exclude fornication from the action of dismissal.5 Understanding that Jesus did not provide an exception to divorce but rather stated an exclusion of fornication from the action of dismissal can help us understand that Jesus was only addressing a sending away that was “not over” (mh epi) fornication (thus, a non-fornication dismissal).

If we wish to know the historical context of God’s law at the time Jesus spoke the words contained in Matthew 19, we can learn quickly that under Hebrew law (the law under which Christ lived and died), God stated the death penalty, not the divorce penalty for consensual sexual immorality (Lev. 20:10; Deut. 22:13-24). Jesus was in no way trying to create an exception to the rule he had previously concluded: “What therefore God united, a human do not divide” (Mt. 19:6, translation mine).6 Jesus was not trying to state something different than the way God established marriage in the beginning. Jesus clearly states concerning divorce: “Moses, because of the hardness of your hearts, permitted you to dismiss your wives, but from the beginning it has not existed this way” (Mt. 19:8, translation mine).7

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1For further study of mh epi and “except,” please see the following articles:
2https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/except
3https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/exception
4https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/exclusion
5For a more technical analysis, please see Matthew 19:9 English Parallel to Greek Diagram.
6See also:
7For a brief study of Mt. 19:8 and the Greek perfect tense, please see: Bound for Life, Released Only by Death.

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The Name “Christian” (Acts 11:26)

By Timothy Sparks
tdsparks77@yahoo.com
http://www.timothysparks.com

 

Isaiah’s prophecy concerning the Gentiles is significant for our current study: “The Gentiles shall see your righteousness, and all kings your glory. You shall be called by a new name, which the mouth of the LORD will name” (Is. 62:2, NKJV). After the Gentiles saw God’s righteousness (Acts 10), God called his people “Christians.” The NKJV renders Acts 11:26 as follows: “And when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch. So it was that for a whole year they assembled with the church and taught a great many people. And the disciples were first called Christians in Antioch.”

Notice the phrases “they assembled,” “taught” and “were called.” Digging a little deeper, all three Greek words are infinitives, the first is passive and the other two are active infinitives. Translated into English we have: “to be assembled,” “to teach” and “to call.” From the immediate context (vv. 22-25), it is Barnabas and Saul who “assembled,” “taught” and “called.” In the New Testament, the Greek word translated “to call” carries with it the force of a divine calling, so that while Barnabas and Saul applied the name, it came from God. God gave the name “Christians,” not the Lord’s enemies, contrary to a “popular opinion.” A more accurate translation is: “And it happened that for a whole year they assembled with the church, taught a considerable crowd, and divinely called the disciples Christians first in Antioch.” Three times the name occurs in Scripture (Acts 11:26; 26:28; 1 Pet. 4:16). It is alluded to at least once: “that noble name by which you are called” (Jas. 2:7).

Since the name always occurs in Scripture as a noun, never as an adjective, we would do well to “clean up” our terminology. No doubt, people will have a terribly hard time breaking the habit of using the name as an adjective, as in the following phrases: “Christian man,” “Christian woman,” “Christian College,” “Christian Church,” “Christian home,” “Christian books,” etc. So, I wouldn’t dare ask just anybody to give it an A+ effort . . . I’m just asking you. 🙂 Admittedly, I had a hard time “breaking the habit,” but with time and a willing attitude it can be done. In coaching distance running, I used to put it this way, “If there’s a will, there’s a way, and if there is no will, there is no way.” Do we think we can try harder to “speak as the oracles of God” (1 Pet. 4:11)? Sure we can.

Far more attention needs to be given to what it really means to be a Christian. The Greek lexical definition is “a follower of Christ.” Sadly, many who were once part of Christ’s body no longer follow Christ. As a result, they are not Christians. To be a Christian one must be faithful to Christ. A Christian is a person who is going where Christ would go and is doing what Christ would do (Rom. 8:9).

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Colossians (Presentation)

Colossians (Presentation) https://timothysparks.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/colossians.pdf

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Philippians (Presentation)

Philippians

https://timothysparks.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/philippians.pdf

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Does God Forbid Reconciliation Today (Deut. 24:4)?

By Timothy Sparks
tdsparks77@yahoo.com
http://www.timothysparks.com

The prohibition of Deut. 24:4 served to ensure the purity of Messiah’s lineage. After the fulfillment of God’s promise to bring Christ into the world (Gen. 3:15; 22:18; 49:10; Gal. 3:16; 4:4) and after Jesus accomplished his mission (Jn. 19:30; Lk. 24:44), the prohibition of Deut. 24:4 was nailed to the cross (Col. 2:14). “The law was given through Moses; the grace and the truth existed through Jesus Christ” (Jn. 1:17, translation mine).

Paul states that a woman separated from her husband has two options: (1) to “remain unmarried” to anyone else or (2) to “be reconciled to her husband” (1 Cor. 7:11).1 Those who would have Paul prohibiting reconciliation of a woman to her one flesh husband would require a rewording of Paul’s imperative. Unlike Deut. 24:4, Paul gives no prohibition concerning reconciliation.2

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       See “Unmarried’ (1 Cor. 7:11),” https://timothysparks.wordpress.com/2015/03/18/ unmarried-1-cor-711.  
        2 For discussion of Deut. 24:1, see “Does God Endorse Divorce? (Deut. 24:1),”  https://timothysparks.wordpress.com/2016/04/22/does-god-endorse-divorce-deut-241; “‘Ervat Dãbãr (Deut. 24:1),” https://timothysparks.wordpress.com/2016/04/23/ ervat-dabar-deut-241and “It Was Said . . . but I Say’ (Mt. 5:17-48),” https://timothysparks. wordpress.com/2016/04/01/it-was-said-but-i-say.

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A Tribute to Our Magnificent Mothers

By Timothy Sparks
tdsparks77@yahoo.com
http://www.timothysparks.com

 

Mothers make life possible. Second only to God, mothers bring us into this world. Mothers love us as no other humans on earth love us. They care for us tens of thousands of hours throughout our lives. Mothers invest their lives in us.

A mother’s love causes her to do all kinds of “dirty work”—from changing diapers to washing dishes—often while working full-time to provide necessities and luxuries for her children. When we fall as children, mother drops to her knees to pick us up. When we cry, she dries our eyes and comforts us. Once we’re grown, when our tears fall, so do hers. What brings joy to us brings joy to her (Rom. 12:15). Her life is focused on our well-being and our success.

Just as Hannah prayed for Samuel, even before conception in the womb, some mothers pray to God for us, begging God to give us as a gift (2 Sam. 1:27; Ps. 127:3). Just as God does, so mothers teach us how to love by first loving us (1 Jn. 4:19).

A mother’s careful spiritual guidance directs us to seek the heavenly Father and his Son Jesus Christ. As Lois and Eunice taught Timothy, so a godly mother reads the Scriptures to us, instilling faith within our hearts (2 Tim. 1:5; 3:14-15; Rom. 10:17). With songs of praise, she teaches us to thank and glorify the God of Heaven (Jas. 5:13b; Ps. 136:26). On bended knees she prays for us, helping us to stand.

So many times, what is true of love is true of mothers. Mothers “make our world go round.” Without mothers, our world would stop, at least for a moment, but even then we would remember that mothers teach us to get up and keep going. Mothers teach us by doing—they do not just “say,” they “do.” Mothers are “doers” (Jas. 1:22).

God helps us all the way, giving us mothers who tend to their task as very best they can. We thank God for mothers. Mothers, we thank you for being our mothers!

Proverbs 31:15-31 (NKJV)

15 She also rises while it is yet night,

And provides food for her household,

And a portion for her maidservants.

16 She considers a field and buys it;

From her profits she plants a vineyard.

17 She girds herself with strength,

And strengthens her arms.

18 She perceives that her merchandise is good,

And her lamp does not go out by night.

19 She stretches out her hands to the distaff,

And her hand holds the spindle.

20 She extends her hand to the poor,

Yes, she reaches out her hands to the needy.

21 She is not afraid of snow for her household,

For all her household is clothed with scarlet.

22 She makes tapestry for herself;

Her clothing is fine linen and purple.

23 Her husband is known in the gates,

When he sits among the elders of the land.

24 She makes linen garments and sells them,

And supplies sashes for the merchants.

25 Strength and honor are her clothing;

She shall rejoice in time to come.

26 She opens her mouth with wisdom,

And on her tongue is the law of kindness.

27 She watches over the ways of her household,

And does not eat the bread of idleness.

28 Her children rise up and call her blessed;

Her husband also, and he praises her:

29 “Many daughters have done well,

But you excel them all.”

30 Charm is deceitful and beauty is passing,

But a woman who fears the LORD, she shall be praised.

31 Give her of the fruit of her hands,

And let her own works praise her in the gates.

 

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‘Ervat Dãbãr (Deut. 24:1)

 

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Does God Endorse Divorce (Deut. 24:1)?

By Timothy Sparks
tdsparks77@yahoo.com
http://www.timothysparks.com

 

Some get confused when their translation has “then let him write” (KJV) or “that he shall write” (ASV), rather than the correct “and writes” or “and he writes” (וְכָ֨תַב [wə·ḵā·ṯaḇ], Deut. 24:1). The same Hebrew word also should be translated consistently “and writes” (Deut. 24:3).

So far, I have not found any version that renders וְכָ֨תַב [wə·ḵā·ṯaḇ] (Deut. 24:1, 3) consistently as “then let him write” or “that he shall write.” The majority of versions I have checked translate the word correctly as “and writes” or “and he writes.” There is no command or favorable permission to divorce within the Hebrew text of Deuteronomy. The text is descriptive. It is not prescriptive.

Those looking for God’s endorsement of divorce will have to look elsewhere in the Hebrew text since it does not exist in Deut. 24:1. Those who try to force an endorsement of divorce into Deut. 24:1 must try to reconcile a supposed endorsement of divorce with God’s hatred of it (Mal. 2:16).

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